In this paper a Functional Graded Material (FGM) thermal barrier coating (TBC) is prepared using Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) method. The FGM layers were deposited by varying the feeding ratio of CYSZ/NiCrAlY and conventional CYSZ on a NiCrALY-coated Inconel 738 substrates. Hot corrosion behavior, bonding strength and the related failure mechanisms of a conventional TBC and a FGM TBC are investigated. Hot corrosion studies were conducted in presence of 45% Na2SO4+ 55% V2O5 molten salt at 1000 oC temperature. The as-sprayed coatings and heat-treated coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Exposing to hot corrosion test, the FGM TBC showed better chemical stability and higher life service in comparison to the conventional TBC. As a result, Functional Graded Material thermal barrier coating exhibited very promising potential as a novel TBC Material.

This paper presents the findings of experimental investigations into the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and approach angle on the machinability of titanium (Grade-5) alloy. The comparison for two different cutting Materials inserts, i.e. polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and cubic boron nitride (CBN) with similar tool geometry for similar machining parameters is also carried out. Design of experiment technique i.e. response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to accomplish the objectives of the experimental study. The experimental plan for four factors at three levels using face centre, and centred composite design (CCD) was employed. The results approved the approach angle as a dominant factor on the surface roughness and the tangential force evaluation as machinability criteria. In comparison to CBN cutting insert, the PCD insert showed better surface finish and smaller cutting force in association with the parameters considered for investigation in machinability study of Titanium (Grade-5) alloy.

Background and Aim: Salivary gland tumors classification continuously undergoes alternations, especially in the recent years. This study used immunohistochemical markers for distinguishing between polymorphous low-Grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and adenocarcinoma carcinoma (AdCC) which have several overlapping histological and clinical features.Materials & Methods: Ten AdCC and eight PLGA with five normal minor salivary glands were selected after review by two oral pathologists.  LSAB method was used for seven markers: carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, muscle specific actin, vimentin, S100, P53 and Ki-67. Finally, the data were analyzed by Mann-Whiteny test.Results: Analysis of data showed a high expression of CEA, EMA and Ki-67 in AdCC compared to PLGA. Although, CEA (P Less than 0.001) expression was limited to luminal cells .In contrast, MSA (P=0.034) expression in nonluminal cells, and Ki-67 (P Less than0.001) occurred in both luminal and nonluminal cells. Also there was highly expression of vimentin and S-100 in PLGA with no significancy for EMA and Tp53. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that ICH can be a helpful tool. The immunostaining of AdCC and PLGA with CEA, Vimentin and Ki-67 were of greater significant, S100 and MSA were less significant and the others (EMA and P53) could not offer an adjunctive aid in differential diagnosis between the two tumors. 

This paper is an attempt to describe the speech of six year-old children within the Systemic Functional Grammar framework (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) based on the textual metafunction theory. This kind of study is of importance since despite the significance of studying the Persian language, specifically spoken Persian in children's speech area, the number of such studies is limited. The data of the present research includes more than 4200 simple and compound clauses. This spoken data for children was extracted from a research conducted between 1380-1384 entitled as "The Study of Iranian Children's Core Vocabulary" and was obtained from twenty new-entrants-to-primary-school Persian children in Tehran (including randomly selected ten girls and ten boys). Every story was illustrated by three or four colored and communicative pictures. The main results of this research show that: a) The simple clauses made 90 percent of the children's speech, and compound clauses made only 10 percent of them.b)The occurrence rate of marked experiential theme in the speech of children was 18 percent.c)Subject pronoun deletion was a dominant, unmarked intent and its rate is about 55 percent.d)In the spoken language of children, the rate of using compound/multiple themes is 30 percent.e)The below hierarchy was observed in sequences of compound/multiple themes in spoken language of Persian children: textual-experiential (98%)>interpersonal-experiential (1.5%)> Textual-interpersonal-experiential (0.5%) f)The textual themes have been used in 98% of the compound/multiple themes.g)The most frequent textual themes were /ba'ad/ and its varieties and after that /digar/ and its varieties.h)The most frequent textual themes in the subordinate clauses were /ke/ and after that /ta/ which was used in a lower frequency.i)In the speech of children, the occurrence of interpersonal themes was only two percent amongst compound/multiple themes.

Background: Natural antioxidants with plant origin are incorporated to foods in the forms of essential oils or extracts. They can retard lipid oxidation and control spoilage bacteria in foodstuffs (e.g. meat products).Objective: This work was aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrite partial replacement with Mentha piperita essential oil (MPEO) on oxidative, microbial and sensory properties of cooked sausage.Methods: GC/MS was used for the identification of essential oil components. Nitrite content (120 ppm) was reduced and replaced with 20, 40 and 60 ppm of MPEO. The effect of MPEO on product rancidity was assessed by peroxide and TBARS values in sausage samples. Antimicrobial properties of the essential oil were evaluated by MICs and MBCs determination against Escherichia coliand Clostridium perfringens by microdilution method. Also, the effect of this replacement on the product color stability was evaluated by determination of L*, a* and b* values, Hue angle, and D E(2-30).Result: Results indicated that peroxide and TBARS values of sample with 20 ppm of MPEO were significantly lower than samples with 40 and 60 ppm of MPEO and control, at the end of storage period. With respect to color parameters, hue angle of the sample with 60 ppm of MPEO was significantly higher than samples with lower essential oil levels and control after 30 days of storage. Moreover, total color difference of sample with 60 ppm of MPEO was lower than other samples and control (p<0.05). Antimicrobial activity of MPEO againstEscherichia coli determined as MICs and MBCs were 0.226 and 0.453 mg/ml, respectively. These values turned out as 0.453 and 0.906 mg/ml againstClostridium perfringens.Conclusion: all samples with different essential oil levels were acceptable after 30 days of storage according to PV and TBARS thresholds determined in literature. Replacement of 50% of nitrite with MPEO is a reasonable approach in order to put down harmful effects of nitrite in sausage and to enhance Functionality of the product.